![]() ![]() ![]() The intrinsic properties of concrete enable autogenous healing of microcracks up to 150 µm however, the healing effectiveness is limited by the availability of unreacted cement particles and water. The interactions between theses liquids and cement, aggregate, and/or steel reinforcements, being chemical, physical, and/or electrochemical reactions, are the main causes of concrete damage and the service life shortening of concrete structures. Cracks, which initiate from early age as a result of shrinkage, thermal expansion, and/or accidental loading, allow the ingress of water and deleterious liquids into the concrete core. Cracks are detrimental to the durability and load-bearing capacity of concrete structures. ![]()
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